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Effects of a high-severity wildfire and post-fire straw mulching on gross nitrogen dynamics in Mediterranean shrubland soil

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Publication date: 1 November 2017
Source:Geoderma, Volume 305
Author(s): M. Fernández-Fernández, T. Rütting, S. González-Prieto
Little is known about the combined impacts of fire and straw mulching, a widely used post-fire emergency measure, on the soil nitrogen (N) cycle. Unburnt (US) and severely-burnt soils without (BS) and with straw mulching (BSM) were preincubated (3 and 6months) in the laboratory before fire and mulching effects on gross N transformations were investigated with a paired 15N-labelling experiment. The ammonium-to-nitrate (NH4 +/NO3 ) ratio of burnt soils decreased with preincubation time from 21 to 1.3, consistent with a shift of the N cycle towards net nitrification. After 3months of preincubation, gross mineralisation (MSON) and gross NH4 + immobilisation (INH4) in BS more than doubled compared to US, in the latter being MSON 4.82mgNkg1 day1 and INH4 3.01mgNkg1 day1. Mulching partly mitigated this stimulation in the mineralisation-immobilisation turnover (MIT). After 6months, MIT differences among treatments disappeared and gross rates approached those in US after 3months. After three months, autotrophic nitrification (NH4 + oxidation) in all treatments was 0.41–0.52mgNkg1 day1, while after 6months it remained similar in US but increased 8-fold in burnt soils. Heterotrophic nitrification of organic N only occurred in burnt soils, and its importance was similar to autotrophic nitrification after 3months, but around 4-fold lower after 6months. To conclude, burning opened up the N cycle and NO3 accumulated, increasing the potential for ecosystem N losses. In the short term, straw mulching slightly mitigates the effects of fire on the N cycle.


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