Integrated crop-livestock system effects on soil N, P, and pH in a semiarid region

Publication date: 1 March 2017
Source:Geoderma, Volume 289
Author(s): M.A. Liebig, J. Ryschawy, S.L. Kronberg, D.W. Archer, E.J. Scholljegerdes, J.R. Hendrickson, D.L. Tanaka
Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) represent a potential means to sustainably intensify agriculture. Developing ICLS that concurrently achieve production and environmental goals is contingent upon efficiently managing plant nutrients in time and space. In this study, we sought to quantify residue management and field-zone effects on soil NO3-N, available P, and soil pH over a 12year period for an ICLS experiment near Mandan, ND USA. From 1999 to 2011, soil NO3-N and available P were measured in three residue management treatments (grazed, mechanically harvested, and no residue removal) every third year across a 122cm soil depth, while soil pH was measured prior to deploying ICLS treatments in 1999 and again in 2011. Residue management did not affect soil NO3-N or available P at any depth for any year (P>0.1), implying no accumulation of available N and P under grazing compared to cropping. Similarly, no differences in available N and P were observed across grazed sampling zones. Soil nutrients, however, increased or fluctuated greatly over the 12year period, suggesting a need for adaptive nutrient management. Soils became more acidic between 1999 and 2011, with the greatest decreases in soil pH at 0–8cm under grazing (0.74 pH unit decline; P=0.0581) and mechanical harvest (0.86 pH unit decline; P=0.0138). Management interventions targeting nutrient conservation may serve to mitigate N and P loss and soil acidification in ICLS.